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General Studies – 1
Topic: Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
Reference: researchgate.net
Why the question:
The question is from the static portions of GS paper I , part geography.
Key Demand of the question:
The question aims to analyse the impacts of globalisation and the trends of change and continuity in marriage and family system in India.
Directive:
Analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Introduce by giving the significance of marriage and family system in Indian society.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Explain that Family is a primary social group that came into existence to satisfy the need for protection, sexual urge and economic desires. Family system can be seen as an economic provision to satisfy needs, emotional basis, as an influential group and as an instrument of social regulation.
Marriage is an institution in India. Various types of marriages are followed in our country monogamy being followed at large. As the society has advanced marriage has gone through various changes, while some things remain constant. Even values attached to it have changed tremendously.
Elaborate on what has changed and what has remained constant under subheadings of marriage and family system.
Conclusion:
Conclude that with every step of movement towards economic, political and cultural modernization, taken by the state in India must be responded by the people with an enhanced sense of self-consciousness and awareness of identity.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Reference: orfonline.org
Why the question:
The question is based on the India’s stand on Israel-Palestine conflict.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss the areas of concern for India before endorsing Israel amidst the long standing Isral-Palestine conflict.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Briefly first discuss that there has been much debate in recent times about whether India has changed its pro-Arab historical stance on the Israel-Palestine conflict.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Account for the India-Palestinian relations first. Discuss the reasons behind India’s pro-Palestine policy.
Then discuss India-Israel relations from past to present.
Comment on what is India’s stand on the Israel-Palestine Conflict.
Discuss what things India must keep in mind before endorsing Israel.
Conclusion:
Conclude that Israel wants India to end its pro-Palestine policy. Considering the defence and technological ties with Israel, India can’t ignore Israel too. However, while going beyond strategic relations with Israel, India cannot afford to ignore its crucial energy ties with Iran and the Gulf countries.
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The death of Father Stan Swamy in judicial custody has brought into focus the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA).
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss in what way Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) tilted the balance in favour of the State violating the fundamental freedoms of citizens.
Directive:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with brief background of UAPA.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Discuss its origin, recent amendments and the concerns thereof. The stringency of the law has raised concerns over the right to life and liberty of the accused under the UAPA.
The UAPA provisions differ considerably from the regular criminal laws. The UAPA modifies the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) to make it more stringent. It provides provisions for longer remand periods as well as judicial custody.
The law also makes it more difficult to obtain bail. Under Section 43D(5) of the Act, bail cannot be granted to a suspect if the court is of the opinion that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the charges are prima facie true. This provision is liable for misuse and could render it almost impossible for anyone to obtain bail until the completion of the trial.
With suitable examples explain tilted the balance in favour of the State violating the fundamental freedoms of citizens.
Conclusion:
Conclude with solutions.
Topic: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The question is amidst the differences between the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu over the proposed Mekedatu project.
Key Demand of the question:
Account for the differences between the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu over the proposed Mekedatu project.
Directive:
Account – Weigh up to what extent something is true. Persuade the reader of your argument by citing relevant research but also remember to point out any flaws and counter- arguments as well. Conclude by stating clearly how far you are in agreement with the original proposition.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Briefly give the background of Mekedatu project.
Body:
The Karnataka state government has proposed the Mekedatu dam project in the Cauvery Basin.
Originally proposed as a hydropower project, the revised Mekedatu dam project apart from catering to the drinking water needs of the Bengaluru Metropolitan City and surrounding areas will also help regulate the flow to Tamil Nadu on a monthly basis, as stipulated by the Tribunal and the Supreme Court.
Discuss the judgments passed with respect to the projects in Cauvery basin.
Discuss possible solutions to it.
Conclusion:
Conclude that a possible solution to this new development would be to get both states to agree to the idea of a joint execution, operation and maintenance of the project or through a third party’s participation.
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
5. Discuss the contemporary issues witnessed in the Indian education system. (250 words)
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article presents to us the alarming picture of falling government school enrolment that needs to be addressed soon.
Key Demand of the question:
One is expected to discuss the contemporary issues witnessed in the Indian education system.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
One can start by the fact that Covid has reinforced the importance of fixing our flailing government schools and that we must not fail our children.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Discuss in detail the contemporary issues in Indian education such as – low enrolment in government schools, huge drop out ratio, poor learning outcomes, too many schools, low acceptance of English etc.
One can give case studies/quote data from reports to justify the issues at hand better.
Suggest solutions to address these issues.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
6. Assess social and ecological impacts of mega renewable energy projects in India. (250 words)
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The article highlights the importance of leadership role that India must assume so as to address the climate crisis facing the world.
Key Demand of the question:
One is expected to account for social and ecological impacts of mega renewable energy projects in India.
Directive:
Assess – When asked to ‘Assess, we must look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should assess why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with fault lines in our policy on climate crises.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Discuss first what are the social impacts of renewable energy? – Social aspects are the basic considerations for the development of any country. The following social benefits can be achieved by renewable energy systems: local employment, better health, job opportunities, and consumer choice.
Then discuss the ecological impact of the renewable energy projects.
Highlight the positive impact with some examples and also discuss the concerns associated.
Suggest solutions.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics – in private and public relationships. Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of Family society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The question aims to analyse the impact of changing family structure on the core societal values.
Key Demand of the question:
One is
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with definition of family structure and brief on how it has changed in the recent times.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Define family and briefly discuss its role.
List major changes in terms of structure and functions of family.
Highlight whether its role as a foundation of morals and values is still credible
Conclusion:
Conclude on the basis of aforementioned arguments.
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