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General Studies – 1
Topic: Colonization and Decolonization
1. Explain the key features of Colonization, how is it different from Imperialism? (250 words)
Reference: Mastering World History by Norman Lowe
Why the question:
The question is from the static portions of GS paper I , part World History.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss the key features of Colonization and explain in what way it is different from Imperialism.
Directive:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with the definition of Colonization.
Body:
Colonialism implies domination of people’s life and culture. The main goal of colonialism is extraction of economic benefits from the colony. Colonialism results in control over life of natives in political, economic, cultural and social spheres. It is more subtle whereas Imperialism is more formal and aggressive.
Differentiate Colonialism with that of Imperialism. Imperialism refers; more broadly, to control or influence that is exercised either formally or informally, directly or indirectly, politically or economically. Colonialism usually implies formal political control, involving territorial annexation and loss of sovereignty.
Brief about the two and discuss their impact.
Conclusion:
Conclude with their significant role in chalking the history of the world.
Topic: Colonization and Decolonization
Reference: Mastering World History by Norman Lowe
Why the question:
The question is from the static portions of GS paper I, part World History.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss the driving factors that led to decolonization post world war II and explain with relevant examples.
Directive:
Analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with definition of decolonization.
Body:
Decolonization is the action or process of a state withdrawing from a former colony, leaving it independent. After 1945 many states in Europe and Asia were decolonized. Mainly decolonization started in Asia, Africa and Middle East.
Discuss the driving factors post world war II; Lack of resources, Freedom movements, Non-aligned movement, Influence from newly decolonized countries etc.
Give examples.
Conclusion:
Conclude by highlighting its importance.
General Studies – 1
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
Reference: orfonline.org
Why the question:
The article explains why it is important to enhance investment in the early year’s of children’s development.
Key Demand of the question:
Present an overview of India’s human capital investment, challenges and possible steps India should take to tackle the same.
Directive:
Account – Weigh up to what extent something is true. Persuade the reader of your argument by citing relevant research but also remember to point out any flaws and counter- arguments as well. Conclude by stating clearly how far you are in agreement with the original proposition.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with some key facts highlighting India’s human capital and its readiness.
Body:
In India, over 43% of children under the age of five are at risk of not fulfilling their full developmental potential due to poor nutrition, poverty, and lack of early stimulation.
Explain that according to various research and economists, investment at birth until five years brings higher returns and greater social gains. It is one of the most cost efficient and powerful strategies to achieve fair and sustainable development.
Discuss why it is important to invest in the right direction, which are children.
Discuss the associated challenges. Hint upon the schemes and policies of the government in this direction.
Conclusion:
Conclude with suggestions and way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
Reference: Times of India
Why the question:
The article highlights the importance of synergy of the monetary and fiscal policy for faster post-Covid recoveries in economies around the world.
Key Demand of the question:
Explain in detail the need of working together of the monetary and fiscal policy for faster post-Covid recoveries in economies around the world.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
The IMF’s recent global assessment shows the faster post-Covid recoveries in economies are attributable to combination of quick, substantial fiscal and monetary responses.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Discuss first what Monetary and fiscal policies are.
Then explain how Monetary and Fiscal Policy interact in our country.
Highlight the factors that determine the dynamics of the Interaction.
Bring out the issues and challenges arising due to lack of Co-ordination.
Conclusion:
Conclude with importance of the synergy of the two to avoid the dangers of high inflation and financial instability for a temporary output spike from a disequilibrium strategy of massive monetary-fiscal stimulus.
Topic: Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
Reference: Financial Express
Why the question:
The article explains that fighting hunger needs fighting climate change.
Key Demand of the question:
One is expected to suggest pathways to achieve SDG-2 by the adoption of climate-friendly agriculture practices.
Directive:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with basics of food and associated SDG goals.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Highlight the hunger conditions prevalent in India. Give facts like – Food is a common thread linking all 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and critical to achieving overall goals within the timeframe. NITI Aayog recently released the SDG India Index 2020-21, highlighting the national and states’ progress on SDGs. The report states that 34.7% children aged under five in India are stunted.
Discuss conditions specifically found in India.
Explain why there is need for a shift towards sustainable, nutritious and resilient agricultural system to achieve the goal of zero hunger for India.
Suggest pathways to achieve the above goals.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
Topic: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, Nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The question is based on theme of DMCA which was in news recently.
Key Demand of the question:
Explain in detail the DMCA and its significance over copyrights.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Union Minister for Electronics and Information Technology was locked out of his Twitter account for an hour allegedly over a notice received for violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA).
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Define what DMCA is; The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, or DMCA, is a 1998 law passed in the US and is among the world’s first laws recognizing intellectual property on the internet.
Explain the key features of the Act. The law oversees the implementation of the two treaties signed and agreed upon by member nations of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in 1996.
Discuss how does it ensure the protection of content on the internet?
Explain its significance to copyrights.
Conclusion:
Conclude with shortcomings and suggest ways to overcome them.
Topic: Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
In the first such instance in India, explosive devices were dropped from drones in the technical area of the Air Force Station in Jammu, triggering blasts. Thus the question.
Key Demand of the question:
Analyse critically in what way Drones as a technology offer a distinctively puzzling and complex security threat when it comes to terrorism and hybrid warfare.
Directive:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with recent incidences associated with Drone attacks in India.
Body:
This represents the start of a new dimension to the terror cycles that the Kashmir Valley has experienced. There have been warnings that Pakistan-based terrorist groups could attempt to target military bases with drones.
Discuss in detail the concerns associated. Drones have developed significantly and acquired massive leaps in capability.
Weaponised drones were first used by the Islamic State in northern Iraq in 2016 and then in Syria.
They have wreaked havoc on Al Qaeda and other terrorist organisations in Afghanistan and other hotspots, used for targeted and precise eliminations by both Israelis and Americans. What makes drones particularly dangerous is the fact that they fly very low making them undetectable to radar and leaving little by way of reaction time once detected.
Conclusion:
With the increasing use of drones for cross-border smuggling, the Indian security agencies must look for various ways to put in place reliable systems as part of a smart border management mechanism for deterrence. Suggest measures to tackle these challenges.
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