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General Studies – 1
Topic: NAM
Reference: ijcrt.org
Why the question:
The question is from the static portions of GS paper I, part World history.
Key Demand of the question:
One is expected to discuss the position of the Non-Alignment Movement in India’s foreign policy in contemporary times
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with what you understand by NAM in general.
Body:
Non-alignment is an old concept today, and India has adopted an approach of “issue-based alignment” in the recent times.
The NAM is a forum of 120 developing world states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. The group was started in Belgrade, Yugoslavia in 1961. After the UN, it is the largest grouping of states worldwide.
Discuss the way it took shape, its origin.
Explain in detail its relevance in the contemporary times; one of the challenges of the NAM in the 21st century has been to reassess its identity and purpose in the post-Cold War era. The movement has continued to advocate for international cooperation, multilateralism, and national self-determination, but it has also been increasingly vocal against the inequities of the world economic order.
Conclusion:
Conclude with its importance.
Topic: Cold War
Reference: World History by Norman Lowe
Why the question:
The question is from the static portions of GS paper I , part world history.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss in detail in what way the Cold war era was more of a state of geopolitical hostility between the Eastern and Western powers after World War II.
Directive:
Analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Introduce the answer by citing characteristics of cold war, post WW II.
Body:
Explain in what way the Cold War was an open yet restricted rivalry after WW II between the Eastern bloc (led by Communist Soviet Union) and the Western bloc (Capitalist West led by the US).
It was a state of mutual hostility, distrust and rivalry between the two blocs. Competing political and economic ideologies defined the contours of the Cold War.
Explain how the Cold War was a manifestation of geopolitical tension between the two blocs.
Highlight the impact of it on various dimensions.
Conclusion:
Conclude with its impact.
Topic: GS-1: Social empowerment
GS-2: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
The article highlights in what way legislation to legalize same-sex marriages is abysmally overdue.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss the issue with rights of people with same-sex orientation.
Directive:
Comment– here we have to express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with some key facts related to rights of people with same-sex orientation.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Discuss the Same-sex marriage legal position in India first. Present cases to suggest the same.
Account for the need for legalizing same sex marriages; human rights perspective, Upholding fundamental right, merely decriminalizing homosexuality is ineffective etc.
Discuss the challenges in bringing in same-sex marriage legislation.
Conclusion:
Conclude that legal reforms to accord same-sex unions legal sanction and social acceptance.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
Reference: The Hindu Business
Why the question:
The editorial explains to us as to why DFIs have regained relevance today.
Key Demand of the question:
Explain in detail the key factors for the success and long-term sustainability of the Development Financial Institutions (DFIs).
Directive:
Account – Weigh up to what extent something is true. Persuade the reader of your argument by citing relevant research but also remember to point out any flaws and counter- arguments as well. Conclude by stating clearly how far you are in agreement with the original proposition.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with the definition of DFIs.
Body:
Explain that Development Financial Institutions (DFIs) are critical intermediaries for channeling long-term finance required for infrastructure and key manufacturing projects for realizing higher economic growth.
It is a positive development that the government has recognized the criticality of financing long-term infrastructure requirements by announcing the setting up of a new DFI.
Discuss the importance of DFIs.
Conclusion:
Conclude with significance.
Topic: GS-2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation
GS-3: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The Ministry of Tourism has released the Draft National strategy to promote medical, wellness, rural and other tourism sectors. And the article explains the impact of covid-19 on tourism.
Key Demand of the question:
Evaluate the policies and schemes that are being used to promote tourism in India amidst the impact of covid-19 pandemic.
Directive:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidences. You have to appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming a personal opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with impact of covid-19 pandemic on tourism in the country.
Body:
Explain that in order to boost the tourism sector in the aftermath of the coronavirus pandemic, the Ministry of Tourism released three draft strategies with roadmaps to promote India as a rural and medical tourism destination and to position it as a place for conferences, meetings and exhibitions.
Identification, diversification, development, and promotion of niche tourism products in the country is the initiative of the Ministry to overcome the aspect of ‘seasonality’ and to promote India as a 365 days’ destination, to attract tourists with specific interest, and to ensure repeat visits for the unique products in which India has a comparative advantage.
Discuss various schemes and policies in this direction.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
Topic: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
Reference: Economic Times
Why the question:
The article brings to us the importance of biotechnology and the use of health data to further preventive healthcare.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss in detail how biotechnology will transform our approach to human health.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with some facts highlighting the current health crisis the world is facing.
Body:
The answer body must have the following aspects covered:
Explain in what way Covid crisis offers new healthcare opportunities for India.
Discuss the new possibilities in healthcare: Biotechnology and genomic medicine and leveraging millions of data points – Messenger-RNA technology applications: Success of COVID-19 vaccines like Pfizer, Moderna and Novavax vaccine using mRNA technology calls for further applications such as cancer cure. Renewed interest in the study of viruses: Useful viruses can be developed Eg. Bacteriophages can be used to kill multidrug-resistant bacteria. Preventive healthcare: Data captured by wearable devices can provide vital inputs to preventive healthcare, particularly in non-communicable diseases like diabetes, hypertension and heart disease etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics – in private and public relationships. Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of Family society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
Reference: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude by Lexicon Publications
Why the question:
The question is based on the importance of individual good and its impact on good for all.
Key Demand of the question:
Explain the statement and its importance in public life.
Directive:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with what you understand by Individual good.
Body:
Any individual is a member of society. He belongs to a social collective, shares its norms and is situated within it. His whole existence in the present diversified economy depends on society. Modern amenities and comforts will be unthinkable in its absence.
Discuss what ways and means can help in implementing it to public life for all; Encouraging and honoring philanthropists and altruistic individuals and bodies, following policies for inclusive economic and social growth, Inculcating concern in government servants for poor and the weak, Empowering women, children and socially disadvantaged groups.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
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